Understanding the Causes of Acne and the Factors That Make It Worse

Acne is a very common skin problem, especially among teenagers and young adults. It occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum) and dead skin cells. These blockages can develop into blackheads and whiteheads, then become inflamed into red, pus-filled bumps or even painful nodules.

Four main factors play a role: excess sebum production, a buildup of dead skin cells, bacterial growth inside the pores, and an inflammatory reaction. Hormonal changes during puberty, before menstruation, or in certain conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome can increase skin oil production.

Several factors can make acne worse, such as squeezing pimples, friction from helmets or face masks, stress, lack of sleep, and a family history of acne. Some people also notice their acne worsens after eating high-sugar foods or dairy products, although the response varies from person to person.

If your acne is severely inflamed, leaves marks, or does not improve after a few weeks, you should consult a dermatologist to get appropriate treatment and prevent permanent scarring.